Changes in Some Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Chloroquine by Gnetum Africana

Olorunfemi Eseyin¹, Aniekan Ebong¹, Anefiok Ubobre¹, Johnson Ekarika¹, Imo Udo²
 

¹Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, P.O. Box 4274, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria; ²Department of Biopharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, P.O. Box 4274, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

Effect of Gnetum africana on the pharmacokinetic parameters of chloroquine was investigated. Chloroquine phosphate (200 mg/Kg) was concurrently administered to overnight fasted albino rats. Blood samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes after administration through cardiac puncture. Serum concentration of chloroquine was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results indicated that the extract significantly decreased C_max (9.17%), Ka (3.06%), Ke (45.38%), Cl (48.46%) and AUC _(0-8) (16.90%). The extract also increased the values of t1/2 (83.11%), t_max (100.00%). The LD50 of the extract was 5.25 g/Kg. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, flavonoids and traces of phlobatanins and alkaloids. Proximate and elemental analyses showed that the plant contained Sodium (26.37 + 0.01ppm), Potassium (32.84 + 0.02 ppm), Copper (0.01 + 0.00 ppm), Calcium (6.53 + 0.01ppm), Magnesium (7.58+ 0.02 ppm), Iron (2.01 + 0.02 ppm), Zinc (0.93 + 0.03 ppm), Lead (0.02 + 0.01 ppm), Moisture (10.90 + 0.91 mg/100 g), Crude protein (15.31 + 1.12 mg/100g), Crude fibre (4.20 + 0.21 mg/100 g), Crude fat (10.60 + 0.65 mg/100 g), Ash (5.40 + 0.30 mg/100g), Carbohydrate (74.49 + 0.23 mg/100 g) and Energy (407.80 Kcal). The results of this work showed that concurrent administration of the extract of Gnetum africana affected some of the pharmacokinetic parameters of chloroquine. Malaria patients on chloroquine therapy should therefore be advised to beware of consuming Gnetum africana.

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Citation: Eseyin O, Ebong A, Ubobre A, Ekarika J, Udo I. Changes in Some Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Chloroquine by Gnetum Africana. Maced J Med Sci. 2012 Oct 15; 5(3):275-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/MJMS.1957-5773.2012.0220.
Key words: Chloroquine; Gnetum africana; pharmacokinetics; proximate analysis; phytochemical screening.
Correspondence: Dr. OLORUNFEMI ABRAHAM Eseyin. Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, P.O. Box 4274, Uyo 520003, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348065161478. E-Mail: femieseyin2@yahoo.co.uk
Received: 07-Aug-2011; Revised: 04-Feb-2012; Accepted: 04-Feb-2012; Online first: 29-Aug-2012
Copyright: © 2012 Eseyin O. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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