Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011 Dec
15;
4(4):428-438.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/MJMS.1957-5773.2011.0207
Public Health
Biological Monitoring Among Workers Exposed to Inorganic Lead and Its Compounds
Saso Stoleski1, Elisaveta Stikova2, Jovanka
Karadzinska-Bislimovska1, Dragan Mijakoski1
1Institute for Occupational Health of Republic of Macedonia,
WHO CC, GA2LEN CC, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2Institute
of Public Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Objective: To explore the association between lead biomarkers and
their deviations in the circumstances of occupational exposure, and
influence of life style factors.
Material and Methods: We performed cross-sectional study using 60
workers occupationally exposed to lead compared with 60 controls. All
examinees were assessed by Questionnaire, and laboratory testing concerning
blood lead level (BLL), activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
(ALAD) in blood, concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and
coproporphyrin in urine, reticulocytes and erythrocytes with basophilic
stippling (EBS).
Results: The mean values of BLL and ALA were significantly higher,
and mean ALAD activity was significantly lower in lead workers than in
controls. Lead workers also had a higher rate of abnormal BLL, ALAD, and
ALA, significant for BLL and ALAD. The average BLL values among exposed
workers and controls in men were significantly higher. There was strong
inverse correlation between distribution of ALAD values in exposed workers
due to their BLL values. Significant correlation with mean ALAD values was
shown for alcohol consumption, form of compounds, and use of protecting
equipment, whereas with mean BLL values was shown for age, gender, exposure
duration, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: The data confirmed the association between occupational
exposure and lead biomarkers abnormalities.
...................
Citation: Stoleski S, Stikova E, Karadzinska-Bislimovska J, Mijakoski
D. Biological Monitoring Among Workers Exposed to Inorganic Lead and Its
Compounds. Maced J Med Sci. 2011 Dec 15; 4(4):428-436.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/MJMS.1957-5773.2011.0207.
Key words: Blood lead level; aminolevulinic acid dehydratase;
aminolevulinic acid; biological markers; occupational exposure; toxicity.
Correspondence: Dr. Saso Stoleski. Institute of Occupational Health,
Dpt for Respiratory Functional Diagnostics, Sava Kovacevic 47K/80, Skopje
1000, Republic of Macedonia. E-Mail: sstoleski@yahoo.com
Received: 21-Sep-2011; Revised: 18-Nov-2011; Accepted: 21-Nov-2011; Online
first: 28-Nov-2011
Copyright: © 2011 Stoleski S. This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing
interests exist.
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